english proposal

Joshua Miller

Professor Sonia Apgar Begert

English 102

27 OCT 2015

Introduction

When we look at the world today, we notice how alcohol is advertised, how they make the commercials appealing to the younger crowed. They tend to leave out some of the neglected information of what the chemicals do to our brains? What if the state of Washington and other states alike raise the legal age to 25, why you might ask? Allow me to explain, since the early days of the time we had some type of drink or drug that altered our minds, brain chemistry to not feel, talk or trust in some reason or rhyme, while overlooking the damages that it may cause. I will provide accurate information on the positive and negative attributes to both sides of the argument to give a clear depiction of how it could give the next generation a fighting chance of making clear decisions in their life either personal or business. When people have the likelihood of making good decisions we allow the brain to fully develop. What would the effects be in our society? Would the change be in the best interest of the community or would it be another law that is over looked and not regulated? If the law was changed would it make a difference?

Review of Literature

Some of the sources that I found to be a great help, "Adolescent Drinking Has Long-Term Impact On Memory And Learning Skills." Education Journal 231 (2015): 19. Academic Search Premier. WEB. 27 Oct. 2015. I picked McMunn, Valerie A. "Effect Of Alcohol Consumption On Young Women's Behaviour." Nursing Standard 23.10 (2008): 35-41. Academic Search Premier. WEB. 27 Oct. 2015. This site covers the medical aspect of the nursing side of the house; they go in deep detail in cycle of how our actions came become dysfunctional with alcohol this was used with woman, men have their own effects as well. Crone, Eveline A. "The Role Of The Medial Frontal Cortex In The Development Of Cognitive And Social-Affective Performance Monitoring." Psychophysiology 51.10 (2014): 943-950. Academic Search Premier. WEB. 27 Oct. 2015.This site overs the growth process and the development that we need to reach, adding alcohol delays this process and causes performance issues. Halliwell, Celeste, et al. "Factors Influencing Frontal Cortex Development And Recovery From Early Frontal Injury." Developmental Neurorehabilitation 12.5 (2009): 269-278. Academic Search Premier. WEB. 27 Oct. 2015. This author focuses on the frontal cortex; if you were drinking you can cause an injury to the brain.

Sullum, Jacob. "Loco Over Four Loko." Reason 42.10 (2011): 49-57. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. The company that makes the drink “Four Loko” has made a new drink that includes caffeine and alcohol; they use bright sharper colors, than other brands. When the time came to ban the manufacture of the drink empire, according to the FDA, it wasn’t based on the chemicals compound of the drink that made it a problem; they stated it was the crazy name, fancy garnishing packaging, the extreme low cost and the eight colors coded flavors.  They used several statistics during the time this “drink” was made including The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, thousands of deaths all related to alcohol and the poor decision making that came with being under the drug, if the people were not drinking this alcohol beverage their lives would have been spared. I would use this type of information to show cause, several types of agencies attempted to stop the sale, possession, or reduce the intake of alcohol with a gullible peer group. This information is found across the nation, in every state, every city and throughout the world.

Wilson, Kenneth, et al. "The Psycho-Social Rehabilitation Of Patients With Alcohol-Related Brain Damage In The Community†." Alcohol & Alcoholism 47.3 (2012): 304-311. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. The information that was found in this site was considerably older than I was expected the only reason I used it was because of the information that we knew was factual in the year 1979. They demonstrate several neurological damaged parts of the brain, they show the cause of the alcohol and they showed they showed issues that will develop over time including: acute states of confusion associated withdrawal leading to delirium tremens (DT’s), resulting in delirium associated with unstable physical illness left untreated death . I would be using this information on this site to provide an insight of the damages that alcohol can and will cause and showing the progressive mental state can cause.

Crone, Eveline A. "The Role Of The Medial Frontal Cortex In The Development Of Cognitive And Social-Affective Performance Monitoring." Psychophysiology 51.10 (2014): 943-950. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. This chapter gives a chronological order of what happens when and why?  They paint a picture of how much is going throughout the body without drugs and alcohol, when adolescents  don’t drink alcohol their bodies have more than enough work to do to get them ready to become young adults, without alcohol being an issue. I would use this information to provide the real story of exactly what goes on in the body and mind of an adolescent, which is the life span of a child moving into adult hood. The changes are so extreme with hormonal stages that if and when you add alcohol in this picture you are changing the brain from inside out, creating new pathways for neurological messages in which can be life changing and very detrimental to the wellbeing of the adolescent medial frontal cortex.

george, Mary Reeni M., et al. "Frontal Deficits In Alcoholism: An ERP Study." Brain & Cognition 54.3 (2004): 245. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. This article talks a lot about alcoholism and how it’s a serious problem around the world, they describe in great detail the issues of the suffering. One of the topics they bring out in the open for debate is one of the main characteristics of alcoholism, that symptom is the preoccupation with alcohol and the related items, they show how the brain is on autopilot only thinking about the outcome and not the negative attributes in regards to alcohol usage. I would use this information to show that almost every one of the sources says the same thing. They show that the frontal cortex is affected in a way that we are not capable of seeing, just because we don’t see doesn’t mean it’s not happening, when we do notice that we are having issues with alcoholism by that time damage has already occurred.

Lopez, Barbara, et al. "Correlates Of Early Alcohol And Drug Use In Hispanic Adolescents: Examining The Role Of ADHD With Comorbid Conduct Disorder, Family, School, And Peers." Journal Of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 37.4 (2008): 820-832. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. When looking over this source I noticed that they found a correlation between (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Conduct Disorder And Alcohol And Drug Use) they process the information be dividing the information in the DSM 5, by dividing ADHD in two sections Hyperactivity and impulse control and lack of proper attention, they look at the effects of drinking while pregnant the after math of what it causes to the unborn children, relating this to them as they grow up and understanding their barriers that they might face as adults in the real world with a condition that you can’t always fix due to alcohol consumption.

Hoel, Sindre, et al. "Adolescent Alcohol Use, Psychological Health, And Social Integration." Scandinavian Journal Of Public Health 32.5 (2004): 361-367. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. This was a case study on adolescents in Norway; I picked this article only because I think that the information is used across the board. In the case study they describe the correlation relationship with alcohol and the adolescents  in socializing element, looking over the years they see short and long term health issues related to adolescent usage regardless of women compared to men , it effect all the same. I would use this information as guide to show that they discovered short and long term effect of using while in the Adolescent stage.

Halliwell, Celeste, et al. "Factors Influencing Frontal Cortex Development And Recovery From Early Frontal Injury." Developmental Neurorehabilitation 12.5 (2009): 269-278. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.based on the introduction the people who work in the Neuroscience field tend to believe that there is more to development that we know, from their conclusion is that our frontal cortex and other sensitive parts of the brain are subjected to pre and postnatal experiences thus making up what they call the blueprint, some of the studies they have shown in rats are equal to us as humans, even the smallest change in the brain can have dramatic consequences that can be lifelong.

Rosenberg, Molly, et al. "The Relationship Between Alcohol Outlets, HIV Risk Behavior, And HSV-2 Infection Among South African Young Women: A Cross-Sectional Study." Plos ONE 10.5 (2015): 1-13. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.  They demonstrate major factors in South African women who have become contracted with sexy transmitted diseases, they have noted while at alcohol serving outlets that there are certain characteristics that lead to engage in sexually risky behavior they identify them in no order and make it known that while drinking the thought process is slowed down because it’s a depressant. They use a variable in their study, making the information hard to follow, if the parents had HIV or another transferable infection that could be given to the child, seems hard to rule out. I would use this information as a part of the paper in only showing that people make poor choices while taking alcohol, I have noticed that nothing good comes out of it.
  

Kennerley, Steven W., and Jonathan D. Wallis. "Evaluating Choices By Single Neurons In The Frontal Lobe: Outcome Value Encoded Across Multiple Decision Variables." European Journal Of Neuroscience 29.10 (2009): 2061-2073. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. Any damage to the frontal lobe will make any decisions making difficult, while we process information of decisions there is a lot of variables that take place such as cost, benefits and probability of reaching success when there is frontal lobe damage, the probability is going to be different and so will the choices.

Plan to Collect Information

During the remainder of my time I will be visiting the library on campus to make sure that I utilize the time that I have to make sure that my researched materials is of quality. I have talked to the librarian to see what her week looks like so I can plan some days of working with her at the library.

Project Timeline

During the remainder of my time I will continue verifying my research and how it will reflect on my argument of raising the legal limit of alcohol consumption. I have asked a couple classmates of what their thoughts were  about the paper that I am writing and asked if they have any suggestions of how I can make my paper stand out and fulfill the requirements of the paper. I have talked to the teacher to help clarify any issues that I may need solved. The writing center is open so I can always make an appointment if need and I have them on speed dial if any questions arise. I found a person on campus that would tutor me if need for a 10 dollar per hour fee if I really need help if all else fails. I will make sure that annotated bibliography is finished well before the due date so that I may have it looked over to make sure that I am up to date with the information. I will make sure that I have a peer review done on my paper to make sure that I am sewing up my argument on my topic

Working Bibliography

"Adolescent Drinking Has Long-Term Impact On Memory And Learning Skills." Education Journal 231 (2015): 19. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Alcohol Warning Labels And Posters." American Journal Of Public Health 79.3 (1989): 357-358. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Clark, Luke, and Facundo Manes. "Social And Emotional Decision-Making Following Frontal Lobe Injury." Neurocase (Psychology Press) 10.5 (2004): 398-403. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Crone, Eveline A. "The Role Of The Medial Frontal Cortex In The Development Of Cognitive And Social-Affective Performance Monitoring." Psychophysiology 51.10 (2014): 943-950. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Ertan Yörük, Ceren, and Barış Yörük. "Alcohol Consumption And Risky Sexual Behavior Among Young Adults: Evidence From Minimum Legal Drinking Age Laws." Journal Of Population Economics 28.1 (2015): 133-157. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

George, Mary Reeni M., et al. "Frontal Deficits In Alcoholism: An ERP Study." Brain & Cognition 54.3 (2004): 245. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Halliwell, Celeste, et al. "Factors Influencing Frontal Cortex Development And Recovery From Early Frontal Injury." Developmental Neurorehabilitation 12.5 (2009): 269-278. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Hilton, Michael E., and Lee Kaskutas. "Public Support For Warning Labels On Alcoholic Beverage Containers." British Journal Of Addiction 86.10 (1991): 1323-1333. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Hoel, Sindre, et al. "Adolescent Alcohol Use, Psychological Health, And Social Integration." Scandinavian Journal Of Public Health 32.5 (2004): 361-367. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Jansen, Jochem M., et al. "Brain Function During Cognitive Flexibility And White Matter Integrity In Alcohol-Dependent Patients, Problematic Drinkers And Healthy Controls." Addiction Biology 20.5 (2015): 979-989. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Kennerley, Steven W., and Jonathan D. Wallis. "Evaluating Choices By Single Neurons In The Frontal Lobe: Outcome Value Encoded Across Multiple Decision Variables." European Journal Of Neuroscience 29.10 (2009): 2061-2073. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Korucuoglu, Ozlem, Thomas E Gladwin, and Reinout W Wiers. "Alcohol-Induced Changes In Conflict Monitoring And Error Detection As Predictors Of Alcohol Use In Late Adolescence." Neuropsychopharmacology 40.3 (2015): 614-621. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Lopez, Barbara, et al. "Correlates Of Early Alcohol And Drug Use In Hispanic Adolescents: Examining The Role Of ADHD With Comorbid Conduct Disorder, Family, School, And Peers." Journal Of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 37.4 (2008): 820-832. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Marjonen, Heidi, et al. "Early Maternal Alcohol Consumption Alters Hippocampal DNA Methylation, Gene Expression And Volume In A Mouse Model." Plos ONE 10.5 (2015): 1-20. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

McMunn, Valerie A. "Effect Of Alcohol Consumption On Young Women's Behavior." Nursing Standard 23.10 (2008): 35-41. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

 Obler, Amy L., Kelli A. Komro, and Mildred M. Maldonado-Molina. "Early Adolescent, Multi-Ethnic, Urban Youth’S Exposure To Patterns Of Alcohol-Related Neighborhood Characteristics." Journal Of Community Health 34.5 (2009): 361-369. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Revejo-Nunez, Giraldina, Jay K. Kolls, and Marjolein de Wit. "Alcohol Use As A Risk Factor In Infections And Healing." Alcohol Research: Current Reviews 37.2 (2015): e-1-e-8. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Rosenberg, Molly, et al. "The Relationship Between Alcohol Outlets, HIV Risk Behavior, And HSV-2 Infection Among South African Young Women: A Cross-Sectional Study." Plos ONE 10.5 (2015): 1-13. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Sullum, Jacob. "Loco Over Four Loko." Reason 42.10 (2011): 49-57. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

Wilson, Kenneth, et al. "The Psycho-Social Rehabilitation Of Patients With Alcohol-Related Brain Damage In The Community†." Alcohol & Alcoholism 47.3 (2012): 304-311. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015